This phenomenon isn't surprising for the reason that underlying metallurgical processes produce large quantities of low-worth metals similar to copper and silver (see Fig. i below Section b of the supplement). As we encounter multi-output processes right here, we want to use allocations (see Section 2). Because just one refinery is processing these scraps and because the refinery data are confidential, we agreed to publish solely the information allocated for the product output of the ready low-worth scraps (lv). Figure 5 compares the full influence results of the three impression categories land use, HumToxCan, and GWP of the gate-to-gate inventories of case B (see Section 3.1), divided into the five totally different material sorts chemicals, electricity, natural fuel manufacturing, and combustion in addition to faucet water per 1 kg Au. Because these data were not process-particular and since it was concluded from the internal discussions that water is just not internally circulated, it was assumed that the quantity of wastewater is equal to the enter mass of auxiliary supplies (e.g., chemicals) plus the non-beneficial scrap fraction (see Table 1). The primary course of information for this process were scaled down to the per-amount-of-wastewater-basis (ww) and then extrapolated utilizing the aforementioned wastewater amount.

The supplies required for a number of processes, resembling electricity, will not be duplicated incorrectly. Table 1 exhibits the information of the granulation of all scrap inputs, namely, the high-value scraps (e.g., jewellery and coins), the low-worth scraps subjected to varied electrolysis processes, and the incinerated sweepings. A more detailed evaluation shows that a big part of the different results comes from the preparation of low-value scraps. The aggregated stock for the electrolytic preparation of the totally different low-worth scraps is offered in Table 1. The fabric designation "wastewater, internal" implies that this wastewater enters the interior wastewater therapy unit and is not directly piped into the municipal sewage system. Further information on the abbreviations of the affect classes and their associated items may be discovered in the Supplementary materials Section c. A comparison of the influence outcomes of gold scrap recycling obtained within the context of this examine as offered in Fig. 4, with the abovementioned ecoinvent v.3.5 LCA datasets on the gold from WEEE recycling and mining, is shown in Fig. 6. For this analysis, the model with allocation by the financial worth was chosen as a result of, on the one hand, this methodology is the allocation methodology used within the ecoinvent v.3.5 datasets, and on the other hand, this model results in worse impacts, and with a conservative analysis we do not run the chance of optimistically representing the study results.

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